4,783 research outputs found
Calculating the shear angle in orthogonal metal cutting from fundamental stress-strain-strain rate properties of the work material
An analysis of the orthogonal metal cutting process is made which
enables the shear angle to be calculated from certain fundamental properties
of the work material and the specified cutting conditions. Shear angles
are calculated for a range of cutting conditions and good agreement is
shown between theory and experiment. In particular, such trends as the
decrease in shear angle with decrease in cutting speed and the tendency
for the chip to become discontinuous at slow cutting speeds which are found
experimentally and cannot be explained in terms of previous shear angle
analyses, are shown to be consistent with the present analysis
Preliminary report on the analysis of the stresses in a die-bolster combination
An analysis is presented of the stresses in a carbide die-steel
bolster combination. Results from a computer treatment of this analysis
are given in tabular and graphical form. Suggestions are made as to the
choice of interface diameters, and a nomogram is drawn enabling the maximum
allowable interference to be selected
High ions towards white dwarfs: circumstellar line shifts and stellar temperature
Based on a compilation of OVI, CIV, SiIV and NV data from IUE, FUSE, GHRS,
STIS, and COS, we derive an anti- correlation between the stellar temperature
and the high ion velocity shift w.r.t. to the photosphere, with positive (resp.
negative) velocity shifts for the cooler (resp. hotter) white dwarfs. This
trend probably reflects more than a single process, however such a dependence
on the WD's temperature again favors a CS origin for a very large fraction of
those ion absorptions, previously observed with IUE, HST-STIS, HST-GHRS, FUSE,
and now COS, selecting objects for which absorption line radial velocities,
stellar effective temperature and photospheric velocity can be found in the
literature. Interestingly, and gas in near-equilibrium in the star vicinity. It
is also probably significant that the temperature that corresponds to a null
radial velocity, i.e. \simeq 50,000K, also corresponds to the threshold below
which there is a dichotomy between pure or heavy elements atmospheres as well
as some temperature estimates for and a form of balance between radiation
pressure and gravitation. This is consistent with ubiquitous evaporation of
orbiting dusty material. Together with the fact that the fraction of stars with
(red-or blue-) shifted lines and the fraction of stars known to possess heavy
species in their atmosphere are of the same order, such a velocity-temperature
relationship is consistent with quasi-continuous evaporation of orbiting CS
dusty material, followed by accretion and settling down in the photosphere. In
view of these results, ion measurements close to the photospheric or the IS
velocity should be interpreted with caution, especially for stars at
intermediate temperatures. While tracing CS gas, they may be erroneously
attributed to photospheric material or to the ISM, explaining the difficulty of
finding a coherent pattern of the high ions in the local IS 3D distribution.Comment: Accepted by A&A. Body of paper identical to v1. This submission has a
more appropriate truncation of the original abstrac
Spanning Trees on Lattices and Integration Identities
For a lattice with vertices and dimension equal or higher
than two, the number of spanning trees grows asymptotically
as in the thermodynamic limit. We present exact integral
expressions for the asymptotic growth constant for spanning trees
on several lattices. By taking different unit cells in the calculation, many
integration identities can be obtained. We also give on the
homeomorphic expansion of -regular lattices with vertices inserted on
each edge.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
The Orbital Light Curve of Aquila X-1
We obtained R- and I-band CCD photometry of the soft X-ray transient/neutron-
star binary Aql X-1 in 1998 June while it was at quiescence. We find that its
light curve is dominated by ellipsoidal variations, although the ellipsoidal
variations are severely distorted and have unequal maxima. After we correct for
the contaminating flux from a field star located only 0.46" away, the
peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulation is ~0.25 mag in the R band, which
requires the orbital inclination to be greater than 36 degrees. The orbital
period we measure is consistent with the 18.95 h period measured by Chevalier &
Ilovaisky (1998). During its outbursts the light curve of Aql X-1 becomes
single humped. The outburst light curve observed by Garcia et al. (1999) agrees
in phase with our quiescent light curve. We show that the single humped
variation is caused by a ``reflection effect,'' that is, by heating of the side
of the secondary star facing towards the neutron star.Comment: 18 manuscript pages, 7 figures; accepted by A
p120-Catenin Down-Regulation and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression Results in a Transformed Epithelium That Mimics Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis due to its highly invasive and metastatic potential. The molecular pathogenesis underlying the invasive mechanism of ESCC is not well known because of the lack of existing models to study this disease. p120-Catenin (p120ctn) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have each been implicated in several cancers, including ESCC. p120ctn is down-regulated in 60% of ESCC tumors, whereas EGFR is the most commonly overexpressed oncogene in ESCC. For these reasons, we investigated the cooperation between p120ctn and EGFR and its effect on ESCC invasion. We show that p120ctn down-regulation is commonly associated with EGFR overexpression. By using a three-dimensional culture system, we demonstrate that the inverse relationship between p120ctn and EGFR has biological implications. Specifically, p120ctn down-regulation coupled with EGFR overexpression in human esophageal keratinocytes (EPC1-PE) was required to promote invasion. Morphological comparison of EPC1-PE cells grown in three-dimensional culture and human ESCC revealed identical features, including significantly increased cellularity, nuclear grade, and proliferation. Molecular characteristics were measured by keratin expression patterns, which were nearly identical between EPC1-PE cells in three-dimensional culture and ESCC samples. Altogether, our analyses have demonstrated that p120ctn down-regulation and EGFR overexpression are able to mimic human ESCC in a relevant three-dimensional culture model
Comment on ``Validity of certain soft-photon amplitudes''
The criteria suggested by Welsh and Fearing (nucl-th/9606040) to judge the
validity of certain soft-photon amplitudes are examined. We comment on aspects
of their analysis which lead to incorrect conclusions about published
amplitudes and point out important criteria which were omitted from their
analysis.Comment: 6 pages plus 1 postscript figure, Revte
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of UV Oscillations in WZ Sagittae During the Decline from Outburst
We present a time series analysis of Hubble Space Telescope observations of
WZ Sge obtained in 2001 September, October, November and December as WZ Sge
declined from its 2001 July superoutburst. Previous analysis of these data
showed the temperature of the white dwarf decreased from ~29,000 K to ~18,000
K. In this study we binned the spectra over wavelength to yield ultraviolet
light curves at each epoch that were then analyzed for the presence of the
well-known 27.87 s and 28.96 s oscillations. We detect the 29 s periodicity at
all four epochs, but the 28 s periodicity is absent. The origin of these
oscillations has been debated since their discovery in the 1970s and competing
hypotheses are based on either white dwarf non-radial g-mode pulsations or
magnetically-channelled accretion onto a rotating white dwarf. By analogy with
the ZZ Ceti stars, we argue that the non-radial g-mode pulsation model demands
a strong dependence of pulse period on the white dwarf's temperature. However,
these observations show the 29 s oscillation is independent of the white
dwarf's temperature. Thus we reject the white dwarf non-radial g-mode pulsation
hypothesis as the sole origin of the oscillations. It remains unclear if
magnetically-funnelled accretion onto a rapidly rotating white dwarf (or belt
on the white dwarf) is responsible for producing the oscillations. We also
report the detection of a QPO with period ~18 s in the September light curve.
The amplitudes of the 29 s oscillation and the QPO vary erratically on short
timescales and are not correlated with the mean system brightness nor with each
other.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Ap
- …